The corps was founded in 1929 as Boy Scout Troop 16 to serve the Black community of New Rochelle, New York. It was the result of the work of Scoutmaster Elmer Hall, Mary Boddie, Donald Grant and a Dr. Scott. It was under the Direction of Scoutmaster Hall that the unit made its debut in the New Rochelle Memorial Day Parade in 1929.
Led first by Elmer hall, the group was later led by Scoutmaster Byron Martin, and in 1035 Sanford "Gus" Moeller, a professional musician and expert in the field of music utilizing rope tension drums.
Under Moeller's leadership, the group became very successful, with both the corps and drum ensembles winning contests, including at the 1939 Worlds Fair. While becoming successful, the corps exceded the Scout Troop's ability to support its activities Thus, additional sponsorship came from the Maceo Bacon VFW post, with the post providing financial support while the Scout committee maintained the Boy Scouts connection.
The corps became independent of the VFW post in 1949 anhd renamed itself in honor of a member killed in World War II, Charles W. Dickerson Fife, Drum & Bugle Corps. The separation from the post meant the loss of instruments and equipment in addition to financial aid. Therefore, the corps sought out and received aid from the many local volunteer fire companies. By the time Moeller died in 1960, the unit had become expert at playing music generally thought to be beyond the ability of wooden fifes, valveless bugles, and rope tension drums.
One result of the corps' efforts to remain independent and musically creative, in 1965 the corps accepted the membership offered by the Company of Fifers and Drummers. Unlike most "ancient" groups, Dickerson does not dress in"traditional" garb, rather dressing in a contemporary manner. Gone though are the days of heavy competition, since the Company sponsors only "Musters" of ancient units. The Dickerson Corps maintains the "ancient" tradition and proudly parades in support of its neighborhood origin.